الدفتيريا | Diphtheria

Diphtheria

The word "diphtheria" is a Latin word meaning "membrane." The disease has been named because it is characterized by a false membrane on the tonsils and throat. Diphtheria is a contagious disease, sometimes a killer, and for many years it has been a major cause of death in children. In the developed countries because of vaccination, and less than 5 cases occur in the United States every year, but the microbe that causes them still exists, and can cause epidemics when the vaccination is not enough, and the microbial through the spray, and proliferate area mucous membrane lining of the mouth and The throat causes inflammation, and some species secrete powerful toxins from the body Kidneys, and nervous system. There is also a lighter type of microbe that affects the skin only. It is found mainly in adults, and this type spreads among those who have bad hygiene such as the homeless. It is worth mentioning that out of every ten people who suffer from diphtheria, a person dies, and the infection is severe before the age of 5 years and after the age of 40 years.

This disease was described as Hippocrates in the fourth century BC, and the mention of this disease has been since ancient Egyptian and Syrian times. The disease swept Europe many times over the ages in the form of epidemics, and in the eighteenth century AD diphtheria infected the American colonies, leaving behind a large number of victims, did not drop the number of victims of diphtheria significantly until the year 1940 because of vaccination, was the first to describe the microbial cause of diphtheria In 1883, Loeffler was able to work on a farm that he identified as a cause of diphtheria. It was also reported that the microbial produced an easy-to-dissolve toxic substance, and was the first to describe bacteriological exotoxins. The taste was reached vaccine Walter Antitoxin antagonist.

The cause of diphtheria

This disease was described as Hippocrates in the fourth century BC, and the mention of this disease has been since ancient Egyptian and Syrian times. The disease swept Europe many times over the ages in the form of epidemics, and in the eighteenth century AD diphtheria infected the American colonies, leaving behind a large number of victims, did not drop the number of victims of diphtheria significantly until the year 1940 because of vaccination, was the first to describe the microbial cause of diphtheria In 1883, Loeffler was able to work on a farm that he identified as a cause of diphtheria. It was also reported that the microbial produced an easy-to-dissolve toxic substance, and was the first to describe bacteriological exotoxins. The taste was reached vaccine Walter Antitoxin antagonist....

Symptoms of diphtheria

• Symptoms in the diphtheria start sharply and develop rapidly as an upper respiratory tract infection.

• Low-grade fever occurs.

• The patient feels malaise.

• There is a bad breath halitosis

• The sound is hoarse or sounds like a horse's hoarseness.

Difficulty swallowing dysphagia.

• Excession of the nose.

• Fast heartbeat, nausea, vomiting and chills, headache.

• Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck, causing narrowing of the respiratory tract, difficulty in breathing, and may make the patient keep the position of his neck stretched back.

Factors that increase the risk of diphtheria

• Immunization or incomplete immunization.

• Travel to an area with a current epidemic.

• Immunodeficiency, such as the effect of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation, the impact of HIV in AIDS patients, the relative lack of immunity to diabetes, or alcoholism.

• Poor healthcare care infrastructure.

• overcrowding, homelessness, and prison life.

Diagnosis of diphtheria

The doctor expects the presence of diphtheria in a sick child when there is a sore throat and a false membrane, especially when there is a paralysis of the facial and throat muscles in a child who has not been vaccinated. The diagnosis is confirmed by taking a swab and conducting a farm test.

Treatment of diphtheria

• • The child is hospitalized with intensive care.
• The treatment is given by special antitoxin, which is equivalent to neutralizes the toxin released by the microbes, which are antibodies that combine with the toxins of the microbial compound.
• • Antibiotics, which kill bacteria, and the most commonly used antibiotics are Penicillin Penicillin, and erythromycin, which is given for two weeks.
• • Isolation of the patient to prevent the exposure of others to infectious secretions, and ends the isolation after confirmation of the killing of the microbe, after the work of two successive farms of the throat after the cessation of giving the antibiotic, and ensure that the two surveys of the microbe.
• Doctors may be forced to quickly put a tracheostomy tube after tracheotomy, in order to keep the patient alive when a suffocation occurs.

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